Polyimide, wanda ke da duk abin da ke cikin kayan polymer, ya tayar da sha'awar cibiyoyin bincike da yawa a kasar Sin, kuma wasu kamfanoni sun fara samarwa - kayan aikin mu na polyimide.
I. Bayani
A matsayin kayan aikin injiniya na musamman, an yi amfani da polyimide sosai a cikin jirgin sama, sararin samaniya, microelectronics, nanometer, crystal ruwa, membrane rabuwa, Laser da sauran filayen.Kwanan nan, ƙasashe suna jera bincike, haɓakawa da amfani da supolyimidea matsayin daya daga cikin robobin injiniyan da suka fi dacewa a cikin karni na 21st.Polyimide, saboda fitattun halayensa a cikin aiki da haɓakawa, ko ana amfani da shi azaman kayan gini ko azaman kayan aiki, an sami cikakkiyar fa'idodin aikace-aikacen sa gabaɗaya, kuma an san shi a matsayin "kwararre mai warware matsalar" ), kuma ya yi imanin cewa "ba tare da polyimide ba, ba za a sami fasahar microelectronics a yau ba".
Na biyu, aikin polyimide
1. Bisa ga binciken thermogravimetric na cikakken aromatic polyimide, yawan bazuwar zafinsa yana kusa da 500 ° C.Polyimide da aka haɗa daga biphenyl dianhydride da p-phenylenediamine yana da zafin bazuwar thermal na 600°C kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfin ƙarfin polymers zuwa yanzu.
2. Polyimide zai iya jure wa matsanancin zafin jiki, kamar a cikin helium ruwa a -269 ° C, ba zai zama mai gasa ba.
3. Polyimideyana da kyau kwarai inji Properties.Ƙarfin da ba a cika ba ya fi 100Mpa, fim din (Kapton) na homophenylene polyimide yana sama da 170Mpa, da nau'in biphenyl polyimide (UpilexS) har zuwa 400Mpa.A matsayin filastik injiniya, yawan adadin fim ɗin yawanci shine 3-4Gpa, kuma fiber na iya kaiwa 200Gpa.Dangane da ƙididdigar ka'idar, fiber ɗin da aka haɗa ta phthalic anhydride da p-phenylenediamine zai iya kaiwa 500Gpa, na biyu kawai ga fiber carbon.
4. Wasu nau'in polyimide ba su iya narkewa a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta kuma sun tsaya ga tsarma acid.Janar iri ba su da juriya ga hydrolysis.Wannan da alama gazawa ya sa polyimide ya bambanta da sauran polymers masu girma.Siffar ita ce, ana iya dawo da albarkatun dianhydride da diamine ta hanyar alkaline hydrolysis.Misali, don fim ɗin Kapton, ƙimar dawowa zai iya kaiwa 80% -90%.Canza tsarin kuma na iya samun nau'ikan juriya na hydrolysis, kamar jure wa 120 ° C, 500 hours na tafasa.
5. Thermal fadada coefficient na polyimide ne 2 × 10-5－3×10-5℃, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide ne 3 × 10-5 ℃, biphenyl irin iya isa 10-6 ℃, mutum iri na iya zama har zuwa 10- 7°C.
6. Polyimide yana da babban juriya na radiation, kuma fim ɗinsa yana da ƙarfin riƙewa na 90% bayan 5 × 109rad mai saurin iska mai sauri.
7. Polyimideyana da kyawawan kaddarorin dielectric, tare da madaidaicin dielectric na kusan 3.4.Ta hanyar gabatar da fluorine ko watsar da nanometer na iska a cikin polyimide, ana iya rage yawan wutar lantarki zuwa kusan 2.5.Dielectric asarar ne 10-3, dielectric ƙarfi ne 100-300KV / mm, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide ne 300KV / mm, girma juriya ne 1017Ω / cm.Waɗannan kaddarorin sun kasance a babban matakin sama da kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi da kewayon mitar.
8. Polyimide shine polymer mai kashe kansa tare da ƙarancin hayaki.
9. Polyimide yana da ƙarancin fitar da iskar gas a ƙarƙashin matsananciyar injin.
10. Polyimide ba mai guba ba ne, ana iya amfani dashi don yin kayan abinci da kayan aikin likita, kuma yana iya jure dubban ƙwayoyin cuta.Wasu polyimides kuma suna da kyakkyawan yanayin halitta, alal misali, ba su da hemolytic a cikin gwajin daidaituwar jini kuma marasa guba a cikin gwajin cytotoxicity in vitro.
3. Hanyoyi da yawa na kira:
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan polyimide da yawa, kuma akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haɗa shi, don haka ana iya zaɓar shi bisa dalilai daban-daban.Irin wannan sassauƙa a cikin haɗawa kuma yana da wahala ga sauran polymers su mallaka.
1. PolyimideAn haɗa shi da yawa daga dibasic anhydrides da diamines.Wadannan monomers guda biyu an haɗa su tare da wasu nau'in polymers na heterocyclic da yawa, irin su polybenzimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polyquinone Idan aka kwatanta da monomers irin su phenoline da polyquinoline, tushen albarkatun kasa yana da fadi, kuma haɗin gwiwar yana da sauƙi.Akwai nau'ikan dianhydrides da diamines da yawa, kuma ana iya samun polyimides tare da kaddarorin daban-daban ta hanyar haɗuwa daban-daban.
2. Polyimide za a iya polycondensed a low zafin jiki ta dianhydride da diamine a cikin wani iyakacin duniya ƙarfi ƙarfi, kamar DMF, DMAC, NMP ko THE / methanol gauraye sauran ƙarfi, don samun soluble polyamic acid, bayan fim samuwar ko kadi Heating zuwa game da 300 ° C ga rashin ruwa da hawan keke zuwa polyimide;acetic anhydride da tertiary amine catalysts kuma za a iya ƙara zuwa polyamic acid don sinadari dehydride da cyclization don samun polyimide bayani da foda.Diamine da dianhydride kuma za a iya dumama da polycondensed a cikin wani babban kaushi mai tafasa, kamar phenolic, don samun polyimide a mataki ɗaya.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun polyimide daga amsawar dibasic acid ester da diamine;Hakanan ana iya canza shi daga polyamic acid zuwa polyisoimide da farko, sannan zuwa polyimide.Waɗannan hanyoyin duk suna kawo dacewa ga sarrafawa.Tsohon ana kiran hanyar PMR, wanda zai iya samun ƙananan danko, babban bayani mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da taga tare da ƙananan danko mai narkewa yayin aiki, wanda ya dace da kera kayan haɗin gwiwar;Ƙarshen yana ƙaruwa Domin inganta narkewa, ba a sake sakin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin tsarin juyawa.
3. Muddin tsarkin dianhydride (ko tetraacid) da diamine ya cancanta, ko da wane irin hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi na polycondensation, yana da sauƙi don samun isasshen nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana iya daidaita nauyin kwayoyin ta hanyar ƙara anhydride naúrar ko unit amin.
4. Polycondensation na dianhydride (ko tetraacid) da diamine, idan dai molar rabo ya kai wani equimolar rabo, zafi jiyya a cikin injin iya ƙwarai ƙara kwayoyin nauyi na m low kwayoyin nauyi prepolymer, game da shi inganta aiki da foda kafa.Ku zo da dacewa.
5. Yana da sauƙi don gabatar da ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa a ƙarshen sarkar ko sarkar don samar da oligomers masu aiki, don haka samun thermosetting polyimide.
6. Yi amfani da ƙungiyar carboxyl a cikin polyimide don aiwatar da esterification ko samuwar gishiri, da kuma gabatar da ƙungiyoyi masu ɗaukar hoto ko ƙungiyoyin alkyl masu tsayi don samun polymers na amphiphilic, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samun photoresists ko a yi amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai na LB.
7. Tsarin gabaɗaya na haɗakar polyimide baya haifar da salts inorganic, wanda ke da amfani musamman don shirye-shiryen kayan haɓakawa.
8. Dianhydride da diamine a matsayin monomers suna da sauƙi don sublimate a ƙarƙashin babban injin, don haka yana da sauƙi a samar da shi.polyimidefim a kan kayan aiki, musamman na'urori tare da filaye marasa daidaituwa, ta hanyar shigar da tururi.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-06-2023