Na hudu, aikace-aikacenpolyimide:
Saboda halaye na polyimide da aka ambata a sama a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma sinadarai na roba, yana da wuya a sami irin wannan nau'in aikace-aikacen da yawa kamar polyimide a tsakanin yawancin polymers, kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a kowane bangare..
1. Fim: Yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran farko na polyimide, wanda ake amfani da shi don ramukan ramuka na injina da kayan nannade don igiyoyi.Babban samfuran su ne DuPont Kapton, Ube Industries' Upilex series da Zhongyuan Apical.Fina-finan polyimide masu fayyace suna aiki azaman masu sassauƙan ƙwayoyin rana.
2. Rufi: amfani da shi azaman insulating varnish don electromagnetic waya, ko amfani da matsayin high zafin jiki resistant shafi.
3. Nagartattun kayan haɗin gwiwa: ana amfani da su a sararin samaniya, jirgin sama da abubuwan roka.Yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan tsarin da ya fi ƙarfin zafin jiki.Misali, shirin jirgin saman supersonic na Amurka an kera shi da gudun 2.4M, yanayin zafi sama da 177°C yayin tashin jirgin, da kuma tsawon aikin da ake bukata na 60,000h.A cewar rahotanni, 50% na kayan aikin an ƙaddara don amfani da polyimide thermoplastic azaman resin matrix.Carbon fiber ƙarfafa kayan hade, adadin kowane jirgin sama kusan 30t.
4. Fiber: Modules na elasticity ne na biyu kawai bayan carbon fiber.Ana amfani da shi azaman kayan tacewa don watsa labarai masu zafi da abubuwa masu radiyo, da kuma yadudduka masu hana harsashi da wuta.
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6. Injiniyan robobi: Akwai nau'ikan thermosetting da thermoplastic.Nau'in thermoplastic za a iya gyare-gyare ko yin allura ko canja wuri.An fi amfani dashi don lubrication kai, rufewa, rufi da kayan gini.An fara amfani da kayan polyimide na Guangcheng zuwa sassa na inji kamar kwampreso rotary vanes, zoben fistan da hatimin famfo na musamman.
7. Adhesive: ana amfani dashi azaman babban manne tsarin tsarin zafin jiki.An samar da mannen polyimide na Guangcheng a matsayin babban fili na tukunyar tukunya don abubuwan lantarki.
8. Membrane rabuwa: ana amfani dashi don rabuwa da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na gas, irin su hydrogen / nitrogen, nitrogen / oxygen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen ko methane, da dai sauransu, don cire danshi daga iskar gas hydrocarbon ciyar da gas da barasa.Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman ɓangarorin ƙwayar cuta da membrane ultrafiltration.Saboda juriya na zafi da juriya na kwayoyin halitta na polyimide, yana da mahimmanci na musamman a cikin rabuwa da iskar gas da ruwa.
9. Photoresist: Akwai korau da m resists, da ƙuduri iya isa submicron matakin.Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin fim ɗin tace launi a hade tare da pigments ko dyes, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa aikin sarrafawa sosai.
10. Aikace-aikace a cikin na'urorin microelectronic: a matsayin dielectric Layer for interlayer insulation, a matsayin buffer Layer don rage danniya da kuma inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa.A matsayin Layer na kariya, yana iya rage tasirin muhalli akan na'urar, kuma yana iya yin garkuwa da a-barbashi, ragewa ko kawar da kuskuren taushi (taushi) na na'urar.
11. Wakilin daidaitawa don nunin crystal ruwa:Polyimidetaka muhimmiyar rawa a jeri wakili abu na TN-LCD, SHN-LCD, TFT-CD da kuma gaba ferroelectric ruwa crystal nuni.
12. Electro-optic kayan: amfani da m ko aiki waveguide kayan, Tantancewar canji kayan, da dai sauransu Fluorine-dauke da polyimide ne m a cikin sadarwa kewayon zangon zango, da kuma yin amfani da polyimide a matsayin chromophore matrix iya inganta aikin na kayan.kwanciyar hankali.
Don taƙaitawa, ba shi da wahala a ga dalilin da yasa polyimide zai iya ficewa daga yawancin polymers heterocyclic aromatic da suka bayyana a cikin 1960s da 1970s, kuma a ƙarshe ya zama muhimmin nau'in kayan polymer.
5. Ma'anar Outlook:
A matsayin kayan ado na polymer,polyimidean gane shi sosai, kuma aikace-aikacen sa a cikin kayan rufewa da kayan gini yana haɓaka koyaushe.Dangane da kayan aiki, yana fitowa, kuma ana bincika yuwuwar sa.Duk da haka, bayan shekaru 40 na ci gaba, bai riga ya zama nau'i mai girma ba.Babban dalilin shi ne cewa har yanzu farashin yana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran polymers.Sabili da haka, daya daga cikin manyan kwatance na bincike na polyimide a nan gaba ya kamata har yanzu ya kasance don nemo hanyoyin da za a rage farashi a cikin haɗin monomer da hanyoyin polymerization.
1. Synthesis na monomers: monomers na polyimide sune dianhydride (tetraacid) da diamine.Hanyar hada diamine ta balaga sosai, kuma yawancin diamines ma ana samunsu a kasuwa.Dianhydride monomer ne na musamman na musamman, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin haɗin polyimide ban da wakili mai warkarwa na resin epoxy.Pyromellitic dianhydride da trimellitic anhydride za a iya samu ta hanyar iskar gas mataki daya da kuma ruwa lokaci hadawan abu da iskar shaka na durene da trimethylene cire daga nauyi kamshi mai, samfurin na man fetur tace.Sauran mahimman dianhydrides, irin su benzophenone dianhydride, biphenyl dianhydride, diphenyl ether dianhydride, hexafluorodianhydride, da dai sauransu, an haɗa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, amma farashin yana da tsada sosai.yuan dubu goma.Cibiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Changchun ta haɓaka, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, mai tsabta 4-chlorophthalic anhydride da 3-chlorophthalic anhydride za a iya samu daga o-xylene chlorination, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma rabuwar isomerization.Yin amfani da waɗannan mahadi guda biyu azaman albarkatun ƙasa na iya haɗa Series dianhydrides, tare da babban yuwuwar rage farashi, hanya ce ta roba mai mahimmanci.
2. Tsarin Polymerization: Hanyar mataki biyu da ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu da tsarin polycondensation mataki daya duk suna amfani da kaushi mai tafasa.Farashin aprotic iyakacin duniya kaushi ne in mun gwada da high, kuma yana da wuya a cire su.A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar magani mai zafi.Hanyar PMR tana amfani da ƙauyen barasa mara tsada.Thermoplastic polyimide kuma za a iya polymerized da granulated kai tsaye a cikin extruder tare da dianhydride da diamine, babu sauran ƙarfi da ake bukata, da kuma yadda ya dace za a iya inganta sosai.Ita ce hanya mafi tattalin arziki don samun polyimide ta hanyar yin polymering chlorophthalic anhydride kai tsaye tare da diamine, bisphenol, sodium sulfide ko sulfur na asali ba tare da wucewa ta dianhydride ba.
3. Processing: Aikace-aikacen polyimide yana da faɗi sosai, kuma akwai buƙatu daban-daban don sarrafawa, kamar babban daidaituwa na ƙirƙirar fim, juzu'i, jigilar tururi, ƙaramin micron photolithography, madaidaiciyar bangon bangon bangon Etching, babban yanki, manyan- gyare-gyaren girma, ion implantation, Laser daidaitaccen aiki, Nano-sikelin matasan fasahar, da dai sauransu sun bude sama da fadi duniya ga aikace-aikace na polyimide.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar sarrafa fasahar haɗin gwiwa da raguwar farashi mai yawa, kazalika da ingantaccen kayan aikin injinsa da kaddarorin rufewar lantarki, thermoplastic polyimide tabbas zai taka rawar gani sosai a fagen kayan a nan gaba.Kuma polyimide thermoplastic yana da kyakkyawan fata saboda kyakkyawan tsari.
6. Kammalawa:
Da dama muhimmanci dalilai ga jinkirin ci gaban napolyimide:
1. Shirye-shiryen albarkatun kasa don samar da polyimide: tsarki na pyromellitic diahydride bai isa ba.
2. Kayan albarkatun kasa na pyromellitic dianhydride, wato, fitarwa na durene yana iyakance.Fitowar kasa da kasa: ton 60,000 a shekara, fitarwar gida: ton 5,000 a shekara.
3. Kudin samarwa na pyromellitic dianhydride ya yi yawa.A cikin duniya, kimanin tan 1.2-1.4 na durene suna samar da ton 1 na pyromellitic dianhydride, yayin da mafi kyawun masana'antun a cikin ƙasa na yanzu suna samar da kusan tan 2.0-2.25 na durene.ton, kawai Changshu Federal Chemical Co., Ltd. ya kai ton 1.6/ton.
4. Ma'auni na samar da polyimide yana da ƙananan ƙananan don samar da masana'antu, kuma halayen halayen polyimide suna da yawa da rikitarwa.
5. Yawancin kamfanonin cikin gida suna da wayar da kan buƙatun gargajiya, wanda ke iyakance yankin aikace-aikacen zuwa wani yanki.Sun saba amfani da kayayyakin kasashen waje da farko ko kuma ganin kayayyakin kasashen waje kafin nemansu a kasar Sin.Bukatun kowane kamfani ya fito ne daga bukatun abokan cinikin kasuwancin da ke ƙasa, bayanan bayanai da bayanai;tashoshin tushen ba su da santsi, akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai da yawa, kuma adadin ingantattun bayanai ba su da tsari.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-13-2023