Fahimtar Basalt Fibers PartⅠ

Chemical abun da ke ciki na basalt
Sanannen abu ne cewa ɓawon ƙasa yana kunshe da duwatsu masu banƙyama, masu lalata da kuma metamorphic.Basalt wani nau'in dutse ne mai banƙyama.Duwatsu masu banƙyama su ne duwatsun da ke tasowa lokacin da magma ke fashewa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ta taso a saman.Duwatsu masu banƙyama masu ɗauke da fiye da 65% SiO₂su ne duwatsun acidic, irin su granite, kuma waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙasa da 52% S0 ana kiran su dutsen asali, kamar basalt.Tsakanin biyun akwai duwatsu masu tsaka-tsaki kamar andesite.Daga cikin sassan basalt, abun ciki na SiO₂yawanci tsakanin 44% -52%, abun ciki na Al₂O₃yana tsakanin 12% -18%, da abun ciki na Fe0 da Fe₂0₃yana tsakanin 9% -14%.
Basalt shine albarkatun ma'adinai mai jujjuyawa tare da yanayin zafi sama da 1500 ℃.Babban abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe yana sa fiber tagulla, kuma yana ɗauke da K₂O, MgO da TiO₂wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta hana ruwa da juriya na fiber.
Basalt takin nasa ne na magma tama mai aman wuta, wanda ke da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai.Basalt tama shine albarkatun ƙasa guda ɗaya don haɓakawa, narkewa da inganci iri ɗaya.Ba kamar gilashin fiber samar da, basalt fiber samar da albarkatun kasa ne na halitta da kuma shirye-sanya.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da aikin bincike da yawa don tantance ma'adinan da suka dace don samar da ci gaba da samar da fiber na basalt fiber raw kayan, musamman don samar da filaye na basalt tare da halayen da aka saita (irin su ƙarfin injiniya, sinadarai da kwanciyar hankali na thermal, wutar lantarki). da dai sauransu), dole ne a yi amfani da takamaiman ma'adanai na sinadarai da abubuwan samar da fiber.Misali: ana nuna kewayon nau'ikan sinadarai na tama da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da fiber na basalt ci gaba a cikin tebur.

Yanayi ya samar da babban makamashi na basalt tama.A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ma'adinin basalt yana samun wadatuwa, daidaita nau'ikan sinadarai da narkewa a cikin zurfin ƙasa.Hatta dabi'a tana la'akari da tura ma'adinan basalt zuwa saman duniya a matsayin tsaunuka don amfanin ɗan adam.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kimanin kashi 1/3 na tsaunuka sun hada da basalt.
Bisa kididdigar kididdigar da aka yi na sinadarin basalt tama, yawan albarkatun kasa na kusan ko'ina a kasar, kuma farashin ya kai yuan 20/ton, kuma ana iya yin watsi da farashin albarkatun kasa wajen samar da fiber na basalt.Akwai wuraren hakar ma'adinai da suka dace da ci gaba da samar da fiber na basalt a larduna da dama na kasar Sin, kamar: hudu, Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hubei, tsibirin Hainan, Taiwan da sauran larduna, wasu daga cikinsu sun samar da fiber na basalt mai ci gaba da samar da kayan gwajin masana'antu.Ma'adinan basalt na kasar Sin sun bambanta da na Turai.Daga mahangar yanayin kasa, ma'adinan basalt na kasar Sin suna da "matasa", kuma ba su da wani fasali na musamman, wato, abin da ake kira tabo na asali na asali.Bisa nazarin lardunan kasar Sin irinsu Sichuan, da Heilongjiang, da Yunnan, da Zhejiang, da Hubei, nazarin ma'adinin basalt a tsakiyar kogin Yangtze, da Hainan, da sauran yankuna na kasar Sin, ya nuna cewa, babu wani dutse na asali a cikin wadannan ma'adanai na basalt. , kuma akwai kawai wasu nau'in rawaya baƙin ƙarfe oxide bakin ciki yadudduka a saman.Wannan yana da matukar fa'ida ga ci gaba da samar da fiber na basalt, kuma farashin albarkatun kasa da farashin sarrafawa yana da ƙasa.
Basalt shine silicate inorganic.An yi zafi a cikin tsaunuka da tanderu, daga duwatsu masu kauri zuwa zaruruwa masu laushi, ma'aunin haske, da sanduna masu tauri.Kayan yana da juriya mai zafi (> 880C) da ƙananan zafin jiki (<-200C) , ƙananan ƙarancin zafin jiki (ƙananan zafin jiki), sautin sauti, mai kare harshen wuta, rufi, ƙarancin danshi, juriya na lalata, juriya na radiation, babban ƙarfin karya, low elongation, high na roba modulus, haske nauyi da sauran kyau kwarai yi da kyau kwarai aiki yi, Yana da wani gaba daya sabon abu: shi ba ya samar da guba abubuwa a cikin al'ada samar da aiki tsari, kuma ba shi da wani sharar gida gas, sharar gida ruwa, da kuma sharar gida. ragowar fitarwa, don haka ana kiransa da rashin gurɓatawa "kayan masana'antu kore da sabon abu" a cikin karni na 21st.
Idan aka kwatanta da fiber gilashi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin gine-gine, masana'antar sinadarai da sauran masana'antu, a bayyane yake cewa fiber na basalt da kayan haɗin gwiwarsa suna da ƙarfin injiniya, kyawawan kayan jiki da sinadarai, kuma ana iya amfani da su don yin samfurori masu mahimmanci.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan, gabaɗayan aikin biyun yana da kwatankwacinsa.Wasu kaddarorin fiber na basalt sun fi carbon fiber, kuma farashinsa bai kai kashi ɗaya bisa goma na fiber carbon ba bisa ga farashin kasuwa na yanzu.Sabili da haka, fiber na basalt sabon fiber ne tare da ƙarancin farashi, babban aiki da ingantaccen tsabta bayan fiber carbon, fiber aramid da fiber polyethylene.Amurka Texas Basalt Continuous Fiber Industry Alliance ta yi nuni da cewa: “Basalt ci gaba da fiber ne mai rahusa maimakon fiber carbon kuma yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin.Mafi mahimmanci, saboda ana ɗaukar ta daga ma'adanin halitta ba tare da wani ƙari ba, ya zuwa yanzu shine kawai gurɓataccen muhalli da mara guba.Carcinogenic kore da lafiya gilashin fiber kayayyakin suna da fadi da kasuwa bukatar da pre-application"
An kwashe shekaru miliyoyi ana jibge ma'adinin Basalt a saman duniya kuma an fuskanci yanayi daban-daban.Basalt tama yana daya daga cikin mafi karfi silicate ores.Fibers da aka yi da basalt suna da ƙarfi na halitta da kwanciyar hankali a kan kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata.Dorewa, insulating na lantarki, basalt tama abu ne mai tsafta na halitta da kuma yanayin muhalli.